Reynold Alleyne Nicholson (1868–1945) was a British scholar and translator of Persian, Arabic, Islamic literature and mysticism. Born in Keighley, Yorkshire, he studied Classics at the University of Aberdeen and Trinity College, Cambridge, winning the Porson Prize for Greek verse in 1888 and 1890. He taught Persian at Cambridge from 1902 to 1926 and held the Sir Thomas Adams Professorship of Arabic from 1926 to 1933. Nicholson’s most enduring scholarship centred on Rumi. His eight-volume work on the Mathnawi, published from 1925 to 1940, combined a scholarly Persian text, English translation and commentary. In Silent Words, the English selections from the Masnavi draw on Nicholson’s translations; the anthology’s other three sections draw on Arthur John Arberry. Nicholson also inherited Arabic manuscripts from his orientalist grandfather and later bequeathed that collection, with volumes he acquired himself, to Cambridge University Library.
Keighley and a classical education
Reynold Alleyne Nicholson was born in Keighley, Yorkshire, in 1868. Recent Cambridge material notes that his middle name, Alleyne, is pronounced “Alleen”. He studied Classics at the University of Aberdeen and Trinity College, Cambridge. His linguistic gifts were recognised early: he won Cambridge’s Porson Prize for Greek verse in both 1888 and 1890. That exacting classical training later shaped his editing and translation of Persian and Arabic texts.
Persian, Arabic and a Cambridge career
Nicholson built his academic career at Cambridge. He taught Persian from 1902 to 1926 and then held the Sir Thomas Adams Professorship of Arabic from 1926 until his retirement in 1933. Those formal titles only partly describe his range. His work connected Persian and Arabic literature, literary history, Sufism, manuscript study, textual editing and translation.
Rumi and the eight-volume Mathnawi
Nicholson is most closely associated with Rumi and the Mathnawi. His eight-volume project, published between 1925 and 1940, brought together a critical Persian text, an English translation and detailed commentary. For generations of English-language readers and scholars it became a major route into the poem. Its importance lies not only in translation but also in manuscript comparison, textual decisions and explanation of mystical language.
Other books and a wider history of mysticism
His influential works include Selected Poems from the Divani Shamsi Tabriz, A Literary History of the Arabs, The Mystics of Islam and Studies in Islamic Mysticism. They place his Rumi scholarship inside a much wider engagement with Islamic literary and intellectual history. Nicholson combined close reading of source texts with interpretation for English readers, while the language and assumptions of his scholarship remain open to modern criticism and reassessment.
Nicholson, Arberry and Silent Words
Arthur John Arberry became Nicholson’s student in 1927, an encounter that shaped Arberry’s lasting engagement with Sufism and Rumi. Silent Words is not a newly co-translated work by the two scholars. It gathers previously published translations: the selected Masnavi passages draw on Nicholson, while the ghazals, rubaiyat and Fihi Ma Fihi selections draw on Arberry. Preserving this distinction avoids falsely attributing the same translated text to both men.
Manuscripts and Cambridge University Library
An engaging detail of Nicholson’s scholarly life is his family connection with manuscript collecting. He inherited Arabic manuscripts from an orientalist grandfather and later bequeathed that collection, together with books and manuscripts he acquired himself, to Cambridge University Library. These physical collections form another part of his legacy beside his printed editions and translations.
Death and the limits of the record
Nicholson died in 1945. The scholarly sources consulted document his academic career and manuscript legacy in detail, but they do not provide equally clear public evidence about a spouse, children or a precise medical cause of death. This profile leaves those points open rather than filling them with conjecture. His enduring influence rests on his editions, translations and commentaries, and on students such as Arberry who carried the field forward.