Arthur John Arberry (12 May 1905, Portsmouth – 2 October 1969, Cambridge) was a British scholar and translator of Persian, Arabic and Islamic literature. The fourth of five children in a modest, book-loving family, he won scholarships to Portsmouth Grammar School and Pembroke College, Cambridge, earning first-class results in Classics and later Oriental Studies. Arberry became Nicholson’s student in 1927, an encounter that awakened his lasting interest in Sufism and Rumi. He became Professor of Persian at the University of London in 1944, briefly held its Arabic chair in 1946, and served as Cambridge’s Sir Thomas Adams Professor of Arabic from 1947 until his death. His Rumi books include The Rubáiyát of Jalál al-Dín Rúmí, Discourses of Rumi, Tales from the Masnavi, More Tales from the Masnavi and the first volume of Mystical Poems of Rumi. In Silent Words, Arberry supplies the English selections from the ghazals, rubaiyat and Fihi Ma Fihi, while the Masnavi selections draw on Nicholson. Arberry married Sarina Simons and their only child was Anna Sara. He continued working through a long illness; he typed his own manuscripts, collected stamps and enjoyed gardening.
A Portsmouth childhood and the dream of university
Arthur John Arberry was born on 12 May 1905 in a small house in the working-class Fratton district of Portsmouth. He was the fourth of five children. His father, William Arberry, was a Royal Navy warrant officer. The selected reference sources do not establish his mother’s name clearly, but memoirs describe both parents as serious readers. Arberry later recalled announcing at four that he intended to go to university, an unlikely ambition for the family’s circumstances that scholarships eventually made possible.
Classics, Pembroke and Nicholson
Scholarships took him to Portsmouth Grammar School and, in 1924, Pembroke College, Cambridge. He first achieved distinction in Greek and Latin and then turned to Oriental Studies, earning first-class results in Arabic and Persian in 1929. Meeting Reynold Alleyne Nicholson in 1927 was decisive. Their scholarly relationship lasted until Nicholson’s death in 1945 and transformed Arberry’s interest in Sufism and Rumi into a programme of work extending across decades.
Cairo, marriage and family
Arberry spent an early research year in Cairo, where he met Sarina Simons, a Romanian woman. They married in Cambridge in 1932 and returned to Egypt, where he headed the Classics department at Cairo University. Their only child, Anna Sara, was born in Cairo. She later married Guy Evans and had two daughters, Katie and Lucy. Arberry’s memorial literature emphasises that home and family remained central to his private life.
The India Office Library and wartime work
In 1934 Arberry returned to London as an assistant librarian at the India Office, beginning important cataloguing work on Arabic and Persian manuscripts. During the Second World War he moved to postal censorship and then the Ministry of Information. He prepared Persian and Arabic material for Middle Eastern audiences and edited the Persian periodical Ruzgar-i Naw. That work belongs to the political context of wartime information policy and should be read within it.
Professorships in London and Cambridge
Arberry became Professor of Persian at the University of London in 1944, briefly held its Arabic chair in 1946, and accepted Cambridge’s Sir Thomas Adams Professorship of Arabic in 1947. He remained in that post until his death. Elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1949, he founded Cambridge’s Middle East Centre in 1960 and served as its first director.
Rumi, the Quran and manuscript catalogues
Arberry published about ninety books as author, translator or editor, alongside many articles and reviews. His Rumi books include The Rubáiyát of Jalál al-Dín Rúmí, Discourses of Rumi, Tales from the Masnavi, More Tales from the Masnavi and the first volume of Mystical Poems of Rumi. The Koran Interpreted, published in 1955, became his best-known independent translation. His catalogues of manuscripts at the India Office, Cambridge and the Chester Beatty collection provided quieter but foundational tools for later scholarship.
His exact role in Silent Words
Silent Words is not a new joint translation by Arberry and Nicholson. The bilingual edition gathers their previously published translations in one selection. The English ghazal, rubaiyat and Fihi Ma Fihi selections draw on Arberry, while the selected Masnavi passages draw on Nicholson. This distinction matters: it credits each translator accurately without attributing the same translated text to both.
Illness, personal interests and death
Heavy work affected Arberry’s fragile health. After completing his Quran translation he endured a long illness and spent part of the winter of 1957 recuperating in Malta. He nevertheless continued working and attending university business until close to his death. His daily habits were memorable: he typed his own manuscripts, collected stamps, enjoyed gardening, and students visiting for tea sometimes brought stamps for his collection. Arberry died at home in Cambridge on 2 October 1969, aged 64.
A known portrait and a licensing boundary
The National Portrait Gallery holds an identified 1949 Walter Stoneman portrait of Arberry. Commercial republication requires a separate licence. This page therefore links to the catalogue record but does not copy or display the photograph. Leaving the portrait area empty is a deliberate rights decision, not an invitation to substitute a guessed or unlicensed image.